> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.learningcommons.org/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Instructional practices > Reference for Instructional practices in Knowledge Graph: learner models, factors, and strategies that connect student context and learning goals to instructional practices. export const GatedWrapper = ({children}) =>
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{children}
; [Schema last updated January 28, 2026.](#schema-release-history) Access to this resource is restricted and requires prior approval. In some cases, a license may also be required. Contact [support@learningcommons.org ↗](mailto:support@learningcommons.org) for information about access and eligibility. ## Overview Instructional practices [entities](#entities) and [relationships](#relationships) are referenced in the [Learner Variability Navigator](/knowledge-graph/datasets/learner-variability-navigator) dataset. Instructional practices models grade- and subject-specific learner profiles, research-backed factors, and instructional strategies. `StandardsFrameworkItem` connection targets are defined in [Standards](/knowledge-graph/schema-reference/standards#entities). ## Entities ### `LearnerModel` Grade band and academic subject pair that describes a specific learner profile (e.g., Math 3–6, Literacy 4–6) Each [`LearnerModel`](#learnermodel) has relevant [`Factor`](#factor)s and [`Strategy`](#strategy)s that help contextualize what’s important for student success for that grade and subject. | Property | Description | Type | Cardinality | | :--------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---------- | | `academicSubject` | Academic subject | [`AcademicSubjectENUM`](/knowledge-graph/schema-reference/enums-and-formats#academicsubjectenum) | 1 | | `attributionStatement` | Textual credit that acknowledges the source or creator of a work, included when required by the content’s license (e.g., Creative Commons BY); specifies how the creator should be attributed in accordance with the license terms | `String` | 1 | | `author` | Author of content | `String` | 1 | | `content` | Materials that make up a learner model along with additional information (if available) | `String` | 0..1 | | `description` | Description of the learner model | `String` | 0..1 | | `gradeLevel` | Specifies the educational grade for which the curriculum component is intended | [`Array of GradeLevelENUM`](/knowledge-graph/schema-reference/enums-and-formats#gradelevelenum) | 0..n | | `identifier` | Identifier of the learner model, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links | `String` | 1 | | `license` | License document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL | `String` | 1 | | `name` | Name of the learner model | `String` | 0..1 | | `provider` | Service provider, service operator, or service performer | `String` | 1 | ### `Factor` Characteristic that influences learning or performance (e.g., Working memory, Algebraic reasoning) | Factor category | Examples | | :-------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------- | | **Context** | Background, environment, access to resources, attention, working memory | | **Skills** | Decoding, fluency, algebraic reasoning | | Property | Description | Type | Cardinality | | :--------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---------- | | `academicSubject` | Academic subject | [`AcademicSubjectENUM`](/knowledge-graph/schema-reference/enums-and-formats#academicsubjectenum) | 1 | | `attributionStatement` | Textual credit that acknowledges the source or creator of a work, included when required by the content’s license (e.g., Creative Commons BY); specifies how the creator should be attributed in accordance with the license terms | `String` | 1 | | `author` | Author of content | `String` | 1 | | `category` | Grouping for factors within a LearnerModel | `String` | 0..1 | | `citations` | References to research that supports the factor | `Array` | 0..n | | `content` | Materials that make up a factor along with additional information (if available) | `String` | 0..1 | | `description` | Description of the factor | `String` | 0..1 | | `gradeLevel` | Specifies the educational grade for which the curriculum component is intended | [`Array of GradeLevelENUM`](/knowledge-graph/schema-reference/enums-and-formats#gradelevelenum) | 0..n | | `identifier` | Identifier of the factor, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links | `String` | 1 | | `license` | License document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL | `String` | 1 | | `name` | Name of the factor | `String` | 0..1 | | `provider` | Service provider, service operator, or service performer | `String` | 1 | ### `Strategy` Instructional practice that supports a variety of [`Factor`](#factor)s and [`LearnerModel`](#learnermodel)s (e.g., *Peer teaching* supports factors like *Math communication* and *Long-term memory*) | Property | Description | Type | Cardinality | | :--------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---------- | | `academicSubject` | Academic subject | [`AcademicSubjectENUM`](/knowledge-graph/schema-reference/enums-and-formats#academicsubjectenum) | 1 | | `attributionStatement` | Textual credit that acknowledges the source or creator of a work, included when required by the content’s license (e.g., Creative Commons BY); specifies how the creator should be attributed in accordance with the license terms | `String` | 1 | | `author` | Author of content | `String` | 1 | | `category` | Grouping for strategies within a LearnerModel | `String` | 0..1 | | `citations` | References to research that supports the strategy | `Array` | 0..n | | `content` | Materials that make up a strategy along with additional information (if available) | `String` | 0..1 | | `description` | Description of the strategy | `String` | 0..1 | | `gradeLevel` | Specifies the educational grade for which the curriculum component is intended | [`Array of GradeLevelENUM`](/knowledge-graph/schema-reference/enums-and-formats#gradelevelenum) | 0..n | | `identifier` | Identifier of the strategy, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links | `String` | 1 | | `license` | License document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL | `String` | 1 | | `name` | Name of the strategy | `String` | 0..1 | | `provider` | Service provider, service operator, or service performer | `String` | 1 | ## Relationships ### `hasFactor` Connects a [`LearnerModel`](#learnermodel) to a relevant [`Factor`](#factor) (e.g., *Math 3–6* → *Working memory*) | Source node | Target node | | :------------------------------ | :------------------ | | [`LearnerModel`](#learnermodel) | [`Factor`](#factor) | | Relationship property | Description | | :--------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `author` | Author of this content | | `attributionStatement` | Textual credit that acknowledges the source or creator of a work, included when required by the content's license (e.g., Creative Commons BY) | | `dateCreated` | Date the item was created | | `dateModified` | Date the item was most recently modified | | `description` | Description of the item | | `identifier` | Identifier of the `hasFactor` relationship, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links | | `license` | License document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL | | `provider` | Service provider, service operator, or service performer | | `relationshipType` | Normalized value that defines the semantic meaning of the connection between the source and target entities | | `sourceEntity` | Type of entity from which the relationship originates; specifies the class or category of the starting node in the connection | | `sourceEntityKey` | Name of the property within the source entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset | | `targetEntity` | Type of entity to which the relationship points; specifies the class or category of the ending node in the connection | | `targetEntityKey` | Name of the property within the target entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset | ### `hasStrategy` Connects a [`LearnerModel`](#learnermodel) to a relevant [`Strategy`](#strategy) | Source node | Target node | | :------------------------------ | :---------------------- | | [`LearnerModel`](#learnermodel) | [`Strategy`](#strategy) | | Relationship property | Description | | :--------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `author` | Author of this content | | `attributionStatement` | Textual credit that acknowledges the source or creator of a work, included when required by the content's license (e.g., Creative Commons BY) | | `dateCreated` | Date the item was created | | `dateModified` | Date the item was most recently modified | | `description` | Description of the item | | `identifier` | Identifier of the `hasStrategy` relationship, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links | | `license` | License document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL | | `provider` | Service provider, service operator, or service performer | | `relationshipType` | Normalized value that defines the semantic meaning of the connection between the source and target entities | | `sourceEntity` | Type of entity from which the relationship originates; specifies the class or category of the starting node in the connection | | `sourceEntityKey` | Name of the property within the source entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset | | `targetEntity` | Type of entity to which the relationship points; specifies the class or category of the ending node in the connection | | `targetEntityKey` | Name of the property within the target entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset | ### `interactsWithFactor` Connects [`Factor`](#factor)s that influence each other (e.g., Working memory ↔ Attention) | Source node | Target node | | :------------------ | :------------------ | | [`Factor`](#factor) | [`Factor`](#factor) | | Relationship property | Description | | :--------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `author` | Author of this content | | `attributionStatement` | Textual credit that acknowledges the source or creator of a work, included when required by the content's license (e.g., Creative Commons BY) | | `dateCreated` | Date the item was created | | `dateModified` | Date the item was most recently modified | | `description` | Description of the item | | `identifier` | Identifier of the `interactsWithFactor` relationship, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links | | `license` | License document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL | | `provider` | Service provider, service operator, or service performer | | `relationshipType` | Normalized value that defines the semantic meaning of the connection between the source and target entities | | `sourceEntity` | Type of entity from which the relationship originates; specifies the class or category of the starting node in the connection | | `sourceEntityKey` | Name of the property within the source entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset | | `targetEntity` | Type of entity to which the relationship points; specifies the class or category of the ending node in the connection | | `targetEntityKey` | Name of the property within the target entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset | ### `targetsFactor` Connects a [`Strategy`](#strategy) to a [`Factor`](#factor) that it supports or improves (e.g., Peer teaching → Math communication) | Source node | Target node | | :---------------------- | :------------------ | | [`Strategy`](#strategy) | [`Factor`](#factor) | | Relationship property | Description | | :--------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `author` | Author of this content | | `attributionStatement` | Textual credit that acknowledges the source or creator of a work, included when required by the content's license (e.g., Creative Commons BY) | | `dateCreated` | Date the item was created | | `dateModified` | Date the item was most recently modified | | `description` | Description of the item | | `identifier` | Identifier of the `targetsFactor` relationship, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links | | `license` | License document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL | | `provider` | Service provider, service operator, or service performer | | `relationshipType` | Normalized value that defines the semantic meaning of the connection between the source and target entities | | `connectionType` | Specifies whether the strategy supports or improves the target factor | | `factorCategory` | Category of the target factor | | `sourceEntity` | Type of entity from which the relationship originates; specifies the class or category of the starting node in the connection | | `sourceEntityKey` | Name of the property within the source entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset | | `targetEntity` | Type of entity to which the relationship points; specifies the class or category of the ending node in the connection | | `targetEntityKey` | Name of the property within the target entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset | ### `relevantToStandard` Connects a [`Factor`](#factor) to a related academic standard | Source node | Target node | | :------------------ | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [`Factor`](#factor) | [`StandardsFrameworkItem`](/knowledge-graph/schema-reference/standards#standardsframeworkitem) | | Relationship property | Description | | :--------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `author` | Author of this content | | `attributionStatement` | Textual credit that acknowledges the source or creator of a work, included when required by the content's license (e.g., Creative Commons BY) | | `dateCreated` | Date the item was created | | `dateModified` | Date the item was most recently modified | | `description` | Description of the item | | `identifier` | Identifier of the `relevantToStandard` relationship, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links | | `license` | License document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL | | `provider` | Service provider, service operator, or service performer | | `relationshipType` | Normalized value that defines the semantic meaning of the connection between the source and target entities | | `sourceEntity` | Type of entity from which the relationship originates; specifies the class or category of the starting node in the connection | | `sourceEntityKey` | Name of the property within the source entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset | | `targetEntity` | Type of entity to which the relationship points; specifies the class or category of the ending node in the connection | | `targetEntityKey` | Name of the property within the target entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset | ## Schema release history | Date | Changed | | ---------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- | | January 28, 2026 | Added [`relevantToStandard`](#relevanttostandard) relationship | | December 8, 2025 | First release | ## Related topics Explore coverage, use cases, and download details for the Learner Variability Navigator dataset. Connect learner factors to the standards they are relevant to. Pair instructional strategies with curriculum lessons and activities.