================ Complex words ==========================
Tier 2 words: vary, factors, impact, local, features, major, determine, depend on
Tier 3 words: equator, climate, latitude, moisture, precipitation
Archaic words: None
Other complex words: None
================= Complexity Score ========================
moderately complex
================== Complexity Score Reasoning ==============
The vocabulary in this text is rated as moderately complex for a 3rd-grade student.
Density and Cumulative Effect: The text introduces a notable number of Tier 2 and Tier 3 words in a relatively short passage. Tier 2 words like vary, factors, impact, and determine are used to explain the core concepts. In addition, several key Tier 3 (domain-specific) words are central to the meaning: equator, climate, latitude, and precipitation. This density requires the student to process multiple new academic and scientific terms simultaneously.
Contextual Scaffolding: The text does an excellent job of scaffolding some of this new vocabulary, which prevents the complexity from being higher. For instance, latitude is immediately defined as "or distance from the equator." The abstract concept of "factors" is made concrete and accessible through a simple, conversational build-up ("Are they as big as a car? Think bigger... We are talking about mountains and oceans."). This support helps the student infer meaning.
Conceptual Load: Despite the scaffolding, the conceptual load is significant for a 3rd grader. The student must grasp the meanings of climate, equator, latitude, and precipitation all at once. While the student has some background knowledge, a word like precipitation is a specific scientific term that is not defined in the text and will likely cause a pause.
Conclusion: The vocabulary is not "slightly complex" because of the sheer number of new academic and domain-specific terms. However, it is not "very complex" because the strong scaffolding for key terms and the simple surrounding sentence structure ensure that the main ideas remain accessible. A 3rd grader will likely need to pause several times to process words like precipitation, vary, and determine, which aligns perfectly with the definition of "moderately complex."