Enums and formats

Knowledge Graph use enums and other controlled vocabularies to restrict property values to predefined options with precise meanings. This ensures consistency across all the entities and relationships that make up the Knowledge Graph.

`AcademicSubjectENUM`

Academic subject associated with a resource

Value	Description
English Language Arts	Encompasses reading, writing, speaking, listening, and language development, including literature, grammar, and vocabulary
Mathematics	Instruction in numbers, operations, algebra, geometry, statistics, probability, functions, and problem-solving at all grade levels
Social Studies	Includes geography, civics, economics, anthropology, psychology, and sociology, focused on human behavior, institutions, and society
Science	Study of the natural and physical world through observation, experimentation, and analysis, including disciplines such as biology, chemistry, physics, earth science, and environmental science
Other	Academic content that does not fit into traditional subject categories, which may include interdisciplinary studies, career and technical education, life skills, or emerging fields
Durable Skills	Transferable skills such as collaboration, communication, and critical thinking that develop across contexts beyond traditional academic subjects

`AdoptionStatusENUM`

Adoption status of a state standards framework

Term	Definition
Draft	In development; not yet finalized or publicly released
Proposed	Shared for public review but not officially adopted
Adopted	Officially released by the issuing body; publicly available
Implemented	Actively adopted and used in practice by schools or districts
Retired	No longer recommended or supported; replaced, obsolete, or withdrawn from use

`Duration`

Precise representation of years, months, days, hours, minutes, and seconds, encoded using the ISO 8601 standard (PnYnMnDTnHnMnS)

Unit	Format	Example	Meaning
Years	PnY	P2Y	Period of 2 years
Months	PnM	P3M	Period of 3 months
Weeks	PnW	P4W	Period of 4 weeks
Days	PnD	P5D	Period of 5 days
Hours	PTnH	PT6H	Period of 6 hours
Minutes	PTnM	PT30M	Period of 30 minutes
Seconds	PTnS	PT45S	Period of 45 seconds
Combined	PnYnMnDTnHnMnS	P1Y2M3DT4H5M6S	Period of 1 year, 2 months, 3 days, 4 hours, 5 minutes, and 6 seconds

`EducationalAudienceENUM`

Intended audience for an educational resource

Value	Definition
Teacher	For educators preparing for or delivering instruction (e.g., teacher guides, lesson plans, pacing guides)
Student	For learners directly (e.g., student activities, readings, practice problems)
Family	For families or caregivers supporting student learning (e.g., family letters, at-home discussion guides)

`EducationalUseENUM`

Purpose of an educational resource

Value	Definition
Instruction	Supports learning through direct instruction, guided practice, exploration, discussion, or other instructional strategies
Assessment	Evaluates student understanding, either during the learning process (formative) or after instruction (summative)

`GradeLevelENUM`

Grade level a resource is intended for

Value	Definition
PK	US Pre-Kindergarten
K	US Kindergarten
1	US 1st Grade
2	US 2nd Grade
3	US 3rd Grade
4	US 4th Grade
5	US 5th Grade
6	US 6th Grade
7	US 7th Grade
8	US 8th Grade
9	US 9th Grade
10	US 10th Grade
11	US 11th Grade
12	US 12th Grade
null	Grade level is unspecified, unknown, or not yet classified

`JurisdictionENUM`

Jurisdiction a resource belongs to

Value	Definition
Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming	Jurisdiction within the United States of America with its own constitution, laws, and governance structures
Multi-State	Jurisdictional designation indicating applicability across more than one U.S. state, rather than being limited to a single state

`LanguageENUM`

Language a resource is available in

Value	Definition
en-US	English as used in the United States of America
es-US	Spanish as used in the United States of America

`lmsLoadingGuidanceENUM`

Vendor’s guidance for whether or not a resource should be loaded into an

Value	Definition
Required	Essential to load into the
Recommended	Should load into the
Optional	May load into the at the discretion of the school or district
Not Recommended	Advised against inclusion (not prohibited)
Unspecified	No specific guidance regarding inclusion

`MaterialTypeENUM`

How a material relates to the core curriculum (e.g., primary instructional materials, optional enhancements, and reference resources)

Value	Definition
Core	Provide the main instructional material (e.g. Lesson)
Supporting	Are optional and enhance or extend the core content, providing additional practice or enrichment opportunities (e.g., optional reading materials, practice worksheets)
Reference	Provide additional information about the learning resource (e.g., Course guides) or are referenced by the instructional activity (e.g., primary sources, novel studied in a Course, glossary)

`NormalizedStatementTypeENUM`

Classification of a StandardsFrameworkItem based on its role in a StandardsFramework

Value	Definition
Standard	Normative statement of expected knowledge or skill that instructional materials, activities, or assessments may align to; actionable learning expectations that describe what a student should know or be able to do at a given stage
Standard Grouping	Organizational or structural element in the hierarchy of a standards framework; group related standards under categories such as grade level, domain, strand, or topic; not instructional targets themselves, but help define the framework’s logical and visual structure
Other	Framework elements that do not serve as instructional targets or structural groupings; may include legislative introductions, general requirements, explanatory notes, or other non-hierarchical components that provide policy context, implementation guidance, or metadata
null	Unspecified, unknown, or not yet classified statement type

To assign this value, we began by having human reviewers assign the correct normalizedStatementTypelabels across all Mathematics standards frameworks. These expert-assigned values provided the ground truth dataset, ensuring a reliable benchmark. When we compared large language model (LLM) classifications against this human-labeled set, the models achieved accuracy ranging from the low 80s in detailed evaluations to over 90% across full frameworks, with especially strong results on the “Standard” class. Based on these results, we extended the assignment process to English Language Arts, Science, and Social Studies standards frameworks as well.

`StudentGroupingTypeENUM`

Intended grouping of students when engaging with an activity

Value	Definition
Individual	Designed for students to work independently, without interaction with peers, to complete tasks or solve problems
Pair	Designed for students to work in pairs, fostering one-on-one collaboration, mutual support, and shared problem-solving
Small Group	Designed for students to work in small groups (3–5 members) to engage in cooperative learning, share diverse perspectives, and collaboratively complete tasks
Whole Class	Designed for the entire class to work together as a single group (often led by the teacher) to discuss, analyze, or collaboratively engage in large-scale tasks

Understanding Knowledge Graph

Getting Started

Using Knowledge Graph

Datasets

Schema Reference

Resources

`AcademicSubjectENUM`

`AdoptionStatusENUM`

`Duration`

`EducationalAudienceENUM`

`EducationalUseENUM`

`GradeLevelENUM`

`JurisdictionENUM`

`LanguageENUM`

`lmsLoadingGuidanceENUM`

`MaterialTypeENUM`

`NormalizedStatementTypeENUM`

`StudentGroupingTypeENUM`

​AcademicSubjectENUM

​AdoptionStatusENUM

​Duration

​EducationalAudienceENUM

​EducationalUseENUM

​GradeLevelENUM

​JurisdictionENUM

​LanguageENUM

​lmsLoadingGuidanceENUM

​MaterialTypeENUM

​NormalizedStatementTypeENUM

​StudentGroupingTypeENUM

`AcademicSubjectENUM`

`AdoptionStatusENUM`

`Duration`

`EducationalAudienceENUM`

`EducationalUseENUM`

`GradeLevelENUM`

`JurisdictionENUM`

`LanguageENUM`

`lmsLoadingGuidanceENUM`

`MaterialTypeENUM`

`NormalizedStatementTypeENUM`

`StudentGroupingTypeENUM`