Instructional practices

Schema last updated January 28, 2026.

Overview

Instructional practices entities and relationships are referenced in the Learner Variability Navigator dataset.

Instructional practices models grade- and subject-specific learner profiles, research-backed factors, and instructional strategies. StandardsFrameworkItem connection targets are defined in Standards.

Entities

`LearnerModel`

Grade band and academic subject pair that describes a specific learner profile (e.g., Math 3–6, Literacy 4–6) Each LearnerModel has relevant Factors and Strategys that help contextualize what’s important for student success for that grade and subject.

Property	Description	Type	Cardinality
`academicSubject`	Academic subject	`AcademicSubjectENUM`	1
`attributionStatement`	Textual credit that acknowledges the source or creator of a work, included when required by the content’s license (e.g., Creative Commons BY); specifies how the creator should be attributed in accordance with the license terms	`String`	1
`author`	Author of content	`String`	1
`content`	Materials that make up a learner model along with additional information (if available)	`String`	0..1
`description`	Description of the learner model	`String`	0..1
`gradeLevel`	Specifies the educational grade for which the curriculum component is intended	`Array of GradeLevelENUM`	0..n
`identifier`	Identifier of the learner model, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links	`String`	1
`license`	License document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL	`String`	1
`name`	Name of the learner model	`String`	0..1
`provider`	Service provider, service operator, or service performer	`String`	1

`Factor`

Characteristic that influences learning or performance (e.g., Working memory, Algebraic reasoning)

Factor category	Examples
Context	Background, environment, access to resources, attention, working memory
Skills	Decoding, fluency, algebraic reasoning

Property	Description	Type	Cardinality
`academicSubject`	Academic subject	`AcademicSubjectENUM`	1
`attributionStatement`	Textual credit that acknowledges the source or creator of a work, included when required by the content’s license (e.g., Creative Commons BY); specifies how the creator should be attributed in accordance with the license terms	`String`	1
`author`	Author of content	`String`	1
`category`	Grouping for factors within a LearnerModel	`String`	0..1
`citations`	References to research that supports the factor	`Array`	0..n
`content`	Materials that make up a factor along with additional information (if available)	`String`	0..1
`description`	Description of the factor	`String`	0..1
`gradeLevel`	Specifies the educational grade for which the curriculum component is intended	`Array of GradeLevelENUM`	0..n
`identifier`	Identifier of the factor, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links	`String`	1
`license`	License document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL	`String`	1
`name`	Name of the factor	`String`	0..1
`provider`	Service provider, service operator, or service performer	`String`	1

`Strategy`

Instructional practice that supports a variety of Factors and LearnerModels (e.g., Peer teaching supports factors like Math communication and Long-term memory)

Property	Description	Type	Cardinality
`academicSubject`	Academic subject	`AcademicSubjectENUM`	1
`attributionStatement`	Textual credit that acknowledges the source or creator of a work, included when required by the content’s license (e.g., Creative Commons BY); specifies how the creator should be attributed in accordance with the license terms	`String`	1
`author`	Author of content	`String`	1
`category`	Grouping for strategies within a LearnerModel	`String`	0..1
`citations`	References to research that supports the strategy	`Array`	0..n
`content`	Materials that make up a strategy along with additional information (if available)	`String`	0..1
`description`	Description of the strategy	`String`	0..1
`gradeLevel`	Specifies the educational grade for which the curriculum component is intended	`Array of GradeLevelENUM`	0..n
`identifier`	Identifier of the strategy, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links	`String`	1
`license`	License document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL	`String`	1
`name`	Name of the strategy	`String`	0..1
`provider`	Service provider, service operator, or service performer	`String`	1

Relationships

`hasFactor`

Connects a LearnerModel to a relevant Factor (e.g., Math 3–6 → Working memory)

Source node	Target node
`LearnerModel`	`Factor`

Relationship property	Description
`author`	Author of this content
`attributionStatement`	Textual credit that acknowledges the source or creator of a work, included when required by the content’s license (e.g., Creative Commons BY)
`dateCreated`	Date the item was created
`dateModified`	Date the item was most recently modified
`description`	Description of the item
`identifier`	Identifier of the `hasFactor` relationship, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links
`license`	License document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL
`provider`	Service provider, service operator, or service performer
`relationshipType`	Normalized value that defines the semantic meaning of the connection between the source and target entities
`sourceEntity`	Type of entity from which the relationship originates; specifies the class or category of the starting node in the connection
`sourceEntityKey`	Name of the property within the source entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset
`targetEntity`	Type of entity to which the relationship points; specifies the class or category of the ending node in the connection
`targetEntityKey`	Name of the property within the target entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset

`hasStrategy`

Connects a LearnerModel to a relevant Strategy

Source node	Target node
`LearnerModel`	`Strategy`

Relationship property	Description
`author`	Author of this content
`attributionStatement`	Textual credit that acknowledges the source or creator of a work, included when required by the content’s license (e.g., Creative Commons BY)
`dateCreated`	Date the item was created
`dateModified`	Date the item was most recently modified
`description`	Description of the item
`identifier`	Identifier of the `hasStrategy` relationship, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links
`license`	License document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL
`provider`	Service provider, service operator, or service performer
`relationshipType`	Normalized value that defines the semantic meaning of the connection between the source and target entities
`sourceEntity`	Type of entity from which the relationship originates; specifies the class or category of the starting node in the connection
`sourceEntityKey`	Name of the property within the source entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset
`targetEntity`	Type of entity to which the relationship points; specifies the class or category of the ending node in the connection
`targetEntityKey`	Name of the property within the target entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset

`interactsWithFactor`

Connects Factors that influence each other (e.g., Working memory ↔ Attention)

Source node	Target node
`Factor`	`Factor`

Relationship property	Description
`author`	Author of this content
`attributionStatement`	Textual credit that acknowledges the source or creator of a work, included when required by the content’s license (e.g., Creative Commons BY)
`dateCreated`	Date the item was created
`dateModified`	Date the item was most recently modified
`description`	Description of the item
`identifier`	Identifier of the `interactsWithFactor` relationship, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links
`license`	License document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL
`provider`	Service provider, service operator, or service performer
`relationshipType`	Normalized value that defines the semantic meaning of the connection between the source and target entities
`sourceEntity`	Type of entity from which the relationship originates; specifies the class or category of the starting node in the connection
`sourceEntityKey`	Name of the property within the source entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset
`targetEntity`	Type of entity to which the relationship points; specifies the class or category of the ending node in the connection
`targetEntityKey`	Name of the property within the target entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset

`targetsFactor`

Connects a Strategy to a Factor that it supports or improves (e.g., Peer teaching → Math communication)

Source node	Target node
`Strategy`	`Factor`

Relationship property	Description
`author`	Author of this content
`attributionStatement`	Textual credit that acknowledges the source or creator of a work, included when required by the content’s license (e.g., Creative Commons BY)
`dateCreated`	Date the item was created
`dateModified`	Date the item was most recently modified
`description`	Description of the item
`identifier`	Identifier of the `targetsFactor` relationship, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links
`license`	License document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL
`provider`	Service provider, service operator, or service performer
`relationshipType`	Normalized value that defines the semantic meaning of the connection between the source and target entities
`connectionType`	Specifies whether the strategy supports or improves the target factor
`factorCategory`	Category of the target factor
`sourceEntity`	Type of entity from which the relationship originates; specifies the class or category of the starting node in the connection
`sourceEntityKey`	Name of the property within the source entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset
`targetEntity`	Type of entity to which the relationship points; specifies the class or category of the ending node in the connection
`targetEntityKey`	Name of the property within the target entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset

`relevantToStandard`

Connects a Factor to a related academic standard

Source node	Target node
`Factor`	`StandardsFrameworkItem`

Relationship property	Description
`author`	Author of this content
`attributionStatement`	Textual credit that acknowledges the source or creator of a work, included when required by the content’s license (e.g., Creative Commons BY)
`dateCreated`	Date the item was created
`dateModified`	Date the item was most recently modified
`description`	Description of the item
`identifier`	Identifier of the `relevantToStandard` relationship, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links
`license`	License document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL
`provider`	Service provider, service operator, or service performer
`relationshipType`	Normalized value that defines the semantic meaning of the connection between the source and target entities
`sourceEntity`	Type of entity from which the relationship originates; specifies the class or category of the starting node in the connection
`sourceEntityKey`	Name of the property within the source entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset
`targetEntity`	Type of entity to which the relationship points; specifies the class or category of the ending node in the connection
`targetEntityKey`	Name of the property within the target entity that contains its unique identifier; used to locate and reference the entity in the dataset

Schema release history

Date	Changed
January 28, 2026	Added `relevantToStandard` relationship
December 8, 2025	First release

Learner Variability Navigator dataset

Explore coverage, use cases, and download details for the Learner Variability Navigator dataset.

Standards schema reference

Connect learner factors to the standards they are relevant to.

Curriculum schema reference

Pair instructional strategies with curriculum lessons and activities.

Understanding Knowledge Graph

Getting Started

Using Knowledge Graph

Datasets

Schema Reference

Resources

Overview

Entities

`LearnerModel`

`Factor`

`Strategy`

Relationships

`hasFactor`

`hasStrategy`

`interactsWithFactor`

`targetsFactor`

`relevantToStandard`

Schema release history

Learner Variability Navigator dataset

Standards schema reference

Curriculum schema reference

​Overview

​Entities

​LearnerModel

​Factor

​Strategy

​Relationships

​hasFactor

​hasStrategy

​interactsWithFactor

​targetsFactor

​relevantToStandard

​Schema release history

​Related topics

Learner Variability Navigator dataset

Standards schema reference

Curriculum schema reference

Overview

Entities

`LearnerModel`

`Factor`

`Strategy`

Relationships

`hasFactor`

`hasStrategy`

`interactsWithFactor`

`targetsFactor`

`relevantToStandard`

Schema release history

Related topics